Meredith Angwin’s Shorting the Grid primarily covers what the author calls “the policy grid.” As opposed to “the power grid,” which is a physical entity delivering electricity from generation facilities through transmission and distribution infrastructure, the policy grid refers to the collection of organizations that regulate the production and distribution of electricity. These include the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs), state utility regulators, and state and federal legislatures.

These regulations, layered one on top of the other, often work at cross purposes to defeat the goals they’re supposed to promote. Angwin gives a prime example early in the book.